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Kalawalla



Samambaia - Kalawalla - Calaguala

(Polypodium leucotomos, decumanum, aureum)

Family: Polypodiaceae
Genus: Polypodium
Species: decumanum, leucotomos, aureum
Synonyms: Phlebodium decumanum, P. Multi, Chrysopteris decumani
Common Names: Samambaia, calaguala, Huayhuash-shupa, cotochupa, miran, temakaje
Phyto-chemical factors: adenosine, alkaloids, arachidonic acid, arabinopyranosides, calagualine, ecdysone, ecdysterone, eicosapentaenoic acid, elaidic acid, juglanin, kaempferols, linoleic acid, linoleic acids, linolenic acids, melilotoside, oleic acid, polypodaureine, ricinoleic acid, rutin, selligueain , sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerols.
Parts used: rhizome, leaves

PROPERTY 'AND ACTIONS
Main actions:
protects brain cells
protects the cells of the skin
reduces inflammation
relieves psoriasis
immunomodulators
suppresses the cough
reduces phlegm
fights free radicals
natural sun protection

Other actions:
purifies the blood
increases diuresis
lowers blood pressure
promotes perspiration

Assay standards:
Leaves, rhizome.

Infusion: 1 / 2 to 1 cup 1-3 times a day;

Capsules: 1-2 g twice daily;
Tincture: 2-3 ml twice daily.
Samambaia is a fern that grows in the rainforest of South America as well as in the less humid tropical forests of Latin America. The family of Polypodiaceae includes ¾ of all known ferns (over 6000 species of plants, typical of tropical zones of both hemispheres). There are 75 plant species in the genus Polypodium, many of whom are secular use in the folk medicine. The name is derived from poly, meaning many, and podus, which means foot, and refers to the many divisions similar to the foot of the root or rhizomes of these ferns. The Polypodium leucotomos (also classified as Polypodium aureum) and Polypodium decumanum (also classified as Phlebodium decumanum) are typical of the rainforest of Honduras, but also some areas of tropical South America, Latin America and the Caribbean. In Brazil, the common name is Samambaia, Mexico and other countries where they speak Spanish, the plant is known as calaguala.

Samambaia contains flavonoids, alkaloids and lipids. It's a rich source of lipids and fatty acids, which is assigned to its therapeutic action.

There was a great scientific interest for plants of this kind, mostly focused on their active properties in the treatment of psoriasis. In the mid-70s, was reported for the first time as an extract of rhizome of Samambaia could reduce the excessive growth of skin cells and thickening of the skin and thus reduce the severity and extent of skin lesions in patients suffering from psoriasis, In the early'80s, a Spanish company produced a product using an herbal aqueous extract of rhizome of Samambaia (P. leucotomos) and called him Anapsos. this drug is still recorded by the Spanish Ministry of Health as a drug for the treatment of psoriasis. It's was also published research which showed on Anapsos efficacy in the treatment of psoriasis, as well as dermatitis and vitiligo (with a treatment of 3-6 months).

It is believed that the mechanism of action in the treatment of psoriasis is linked to modulation of some cellular processes that occur in cases of inflammation and psoriatic skin. Scientists have shown that psoriatic skin has an abnormally high amount of chemicals called leukotrienes, and PAF (platelet activating factor). Both are implicated in the cause and progression of psoriasis. Samambaia has shown in clinical research to block excessive production of leukotrienes as well as the excess of PAF. Furthermore, psoriasis is considered an autoimmune disease has been clearly demonstrated in some clinical studies that the extract of Samambaia owns some of those specific immunomodulating effects required for the treatment of imbalances in the immune system that are typical of psoriasis. In addition, it was verified that extracts of Samambaia may have anti-inflammatory action in patients suffering from psoriasis.

Some recent research has focused instead on the use of this plant for other chronic and degenerative diseases. A U.S. patent in 2001, showed that an extract of rhizome of Samambaia was useful in the treatment of AIDS and cancer, related to the wasting syndrome. In 1997, another U.S. patent reported that an extract of leaf and rhizome of Samambaia was effective in the treatment of brain disorders like Alzheimer's and dementia. The patent and several clinical studies in vivo showed that the Samambaia was able to protect brain cells from degeneration, promoting repair of damaged brain cells, and had a protective effect on them. This action was proven when some patients suffering from psoriasis and Alzheimer's disease, was administered to treat the Anapsos the first, but also reported an improvement in the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. In 2000, a search by the producers of Anapsos reported that administration of 360 mg per day Anapsos to patients suffering from senile dementia could improve cognitive performance, the flow of blood to the brain and the electrical impulses in the brain. Best results were obtained in patients with Alzheimer's and dementia more light than in those suffering from severe dementia and extensive degeneration of brain cells. Today, the Anapsos is used in Spain and Europe for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.

The same protective measures were also found for cells of the skin.

A U.S. patent in 1997 as a Samambaia extract is effective in preventing sunburn and skin damage (both taken internally and applied externally before exposure to sunlight). Its protective effect against ultraviolet radiation has been attributed in part to an antioxidant. A study from Massachusetts General Hospital's Dermatology Department, upheld the action, while another study by the Harvard Medical School (1999) reported that the extract of Samambaia, when applied topically, may help prevent skin damage and l ' aging of the skin caused by the sun, as well as reduce the number of skin cancers caused by UV rays. Researchers at Harvard have also published a study in 2004, highlighting the effectiveness in protecting the skin of the Samambaia prevent sunburn and aging of the skin when it was taken internally (at a dose of 7.5 mg / kg). Some in vitro studies have suggested that Samambaia can help prevent the damage from the sun and aging of the skin at low doses, while high doses can reverse the loss of normal elastic fibers associated  intrinseco aging skin. A Spanish pharmaceutical company has published a study that showed the same properties.

A final area of research focuses on Samambaia its possible use for cancer. Researchers from the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Huston (Texas) have published their study in Samambaia and calagualina (one of its main components) in 2003, highlighting how some of the intercellular processes that are blocked in psoriasis are the same ones that are blocked and deleted in inflammation, the formation and growth of tumors.

The folk medicine used for the preparation of the remedies the rhizome, the leaves and fronds Samambaia.
Many types of ferns are used in folk medicine in the world. Most of them, including the Samambaia, are used for their properties of tonic, blood purifier, expectorant, and for many problems of the upper respiratory system.

Following is a brief overview on the uses of etnomedici Samambaia.



Amazon: For cancer, coughs, detoxification, fever, immune disorders, kidney problems, pancreatic disorders, psoriasis, rheumatism, whooping cough
Colombia: For cough
Brazil: To purify the blood, bronchitis, colds, cough, flu, gout, psoriasis, respiratory disorders, rheumatism, skin diseases, as expectorant, tonic and to increase perspiration
Honduras: For arthritis, cancer, dermatitis, joint pain, kidney disorders, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcers of the stomach, pain in tendons, tumors
Mexico: For coughing, fever, respiratory problems, and to increase perspiration
Peru: For abscesses, boils, cough, fever, psoriasis, skin diseases, ulcers (skin), infection urinate, pertussis
United States: For the Alzheimer's disease, bronchitis, colds, cough, dermatitis, detoxification, eczema, flu, gout, hypertension, immune disorders, psoriasis, skin diseases, respiratory disorders, rheumatism, to increase perspiration and diuresis
Venezuela: venereal diseases and as laxative

Elsewhere:
For bronchitis, cancer, colds, cough, fever, flu, gout, hypertension, immune disorders, kidney problems, psoriasis, respiratory disorders, rheumatism, skin diseases, tonic, tumors, urinary insufficiency



Samambaia / KALAWALLA / CALAGUALA

Primary method of preparation:
infusion or capsules
Key actions (in order):
immunomodulators (selectively modulates the hyperactive immune cells), antipsoriasico, neuroprotettivo (protects brain cells), suppression of cough, anti-inflammatory

Main uses:

for psoriasis and other skin problems
for Alzheimer's disease, dementia and memory problems
for cough, bronchitis, chest cooling, and other respiratory problems
for autoimmune diseases
as a general tonic (tones, balances and strengthens all bodily functions), and cell protector help anti-aging
Properties / actions are documented by scientific research:
anti-inflammatory, antidissenterico, antimutageno (cellular protector), antioxidant, antipsoriasico, immunomodulators, neuroprotettivo (protects brain cells)

Other properties / actions documented by traditional
anticancer, suppression of cough, aperiente (slightly laxative), blood purifier, cough suppression, detoxification, diaforetico (promotes sweating), expectorant, febrifugal (reduces fever), hypotensive (lowers blood pressure), tonic (tones, balances and strengthens all bodily functions)

Traditional preparation:
½ to 1 cup of infusion of leaves or roots 1-3 times per day, or 2-3ml of a 4:1 tincture or fluid extract twice a day. Traditionally, it uses a cold soak the rhizomes and leaves and, therefore, take 1-2 grams per day of powdered root or leaves in tablets or capsules

Contraindications:
May increase the effect of the digital age (a drug commonly used to increase the strength of cardiac contractions). It's therefore contraindicated in combination with the digital age. People with heart problems should consult an expert before taking Samambaia.

Interaction with drugs:
May enhance the effects of digital and / or other drugs for the heart of this type.
The absorption of Samambaia is reduced in the presence of antacids



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